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乾眼症的五大診斷工具解析
您曾感到雙眼中有異物嗎？ 發癢或疼痛？ 發紅或視線模糊？ 若有， 您應諮詢眼科醫師， 尋求適當診斷。 所以， 醫師到底怎麼知道您的雙眼出了什麼事？ 基本上， 眼科醫師經常使用五種工具:1-4
1.問卷
首先，您的醫師可能會問您幾個標準問題，判斷您是否可能有乾眼症。醫師可能無法單憑這些問題找出病灶，但這些問題能提供證據與診斷建議給醫師。1-4
參考資料
- Suvarna P. Phadatare, et al. A Comprehensive Review on Dry Eye Disease: Diagnosis, Medical Management, Recent Developments, and Future Challenges. Advances in Pharmaceutics. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/704946
- Dry eyes. Mayo Clinic. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/dry-eyes. Last accessed August 25, 2019.
- Facts About Dry Eye. The national eye institute. https://nei.nih.gov/health/dryeye/dryeye. Last accessed August 25, 2019.
- C Stephen Foster. Dry Eye Disease (Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca). Medscape. Last accessed August 25, 2019.
2.完整眼睛檢查
在檢查過程中，醫師會需要檢查您的雙眼。這程序包括身體檢測、回顧您的病史，以及找出可能有的潛在問題。1-4
參考資料
- Suvarna P. Phadatare, et al. A Comprehensive Review on Dry Eye Disease: Diagnosis, Medical Management, Recent Developments, and Future Challenges. Advances in Pharmaceutics. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/704946
- Dry eyes. Mayo Clinic. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/dry-eyes. Last accessed August 25, 2019.
- Facts About Dry Eye. The national eye institute. https://nei.nih.gov/health/dryeye/dryeye. Last accessed August 25, 2019.
- C Stephen Foster. Dry Eye Disease (Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca). Medscape. Last accessed August 25, 2019.
3.檢測淚液品質（淚液破裂時間）
另一種測試乾眼症的方式，是使用特殊眼睛滴劑檢測淚液品質。滴劑中的染劑會顯示淚液覆蓋眼球表面的時間，以及第一個乾燥點出現的時間。若您的淚液蒸發得太快，這是個能讓醫師作出精確診斷的重要證據。1-4
參考資料
- Suvarna P. Phadatare, et al. A Comprehensive Review on Dry Eye Disease: Diagnosis, Medical Management, Recent Developments, and Future Challenges. Advances in Pharmaceutics. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/704946
- Dry eyes. Mayo Clinic. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/dry-eyes. Last accessed August 25, 2019.
- Facts About Dry Eye. The national eye institute. https://nei.nih.gov/health/dryeye/dryeye. Last accessed August 25, 2019.
- C Stephen Foster. Dry Eye Disease (Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca). Medscape. Last accessed August 25, 2019.
4.淚液量檢測 (Schirmer's test)
另一種用來診斷乾眼症的方式是檢測淚液分泌。在這項檢測中，醫師會在您的下眼皮下放入一小張特殊試紙，等待五分鐘後，計算試紙上吸收淚液的部分。1-4
參考資料
- Suvarna P. Phadatare, et al. A Comprehensive Review on Dry Eye Disease: Diagnosis, Medical Management, Recent Developments, and Future Challenges. Advances in Pharmaceutics. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/704946
- Dry eyes. Mayo Clinic. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/dry-eyes. Last accessed August 25, 2019.
- Facts About Dry Eye. The national eye institute. https://nei.nih.gov/health/dryeye/dryeye. Last accessed August 25, 2019.
- C Stephen Foster. Dry Eye Disease (Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca). Medscape. Last accessed August 25, 2019.
很多測試，對吧？請記得，自我診斷可能導致錯誤發生。若您覺得自己有乾眼症，立即預約看診是最適當的選擇。
