Omega 脂肪酸對乾眼症的治療效果

十月 24, 2021

人們向來認為所謂的「Omega 脂肪酸」（或「魚油」）可以用來治療乾眼症，並防止這種疾病惡化。這是真的嗎？所有類型的 Omega 脂肪酸都有同樣的效果嗎？以下是關於 Omega 脂肪酸您可能不知道的事實。

不是所有類型的 Omega 脂肪酸都對乾眼症患者有好處

Omega-3 跟 Omega-6 是其中兩種比較有名的類型。Omega-3 是二十碳五烯酸 (EPA)、二十二碳六烯酸 (DHA) 與其他成分的結合體，已被證實對乾眼症有益處。相較之下，目前的證據不足以證明 Omega-6 對乾眼症有益處。

參考資料

Oral omega-3 fatty acid treatment for dry eye in contact lens wearers. Cornea. 2015 Apr;34(4):413-20. doi: 10.1097/ICO.0000000000000386. Link: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=25719253
Relation between dietary n-3 and n-6 fatty acids and clinically diagnosed dry eye syndrome in women. Am J Clin Nutr. 2005 Oct;82(4):887-93. Link: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=16210721
Pilot, prospective, randomized, double-masked, placebo-controlled clinical trial of an omega-3 supplement for dry eye. Cornea. 2011 Mar;30(3):308-14. doi: 10.1097/ICO.0b013e3181f22e03. Link https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=21045648
Short-term consumption of oral omega-3 and dry eye syndrome. Ophthalmology. 2013 Nov;120(11):2191-6. doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2013.04.006. Epub 2013 May 1. Link: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=23642375

Omega-3 在多大程度上能改善乾眼症？

Omega-3 或許可促進瞼板腺的活動，進而在眼睛的淚膜中產生一層油脂。^1,2 如此，它能幫助避免眼淚過度蒸發。Omega-3 可能對減緩某些乾眼症症狀有輕微幫助，例如刺痛或癢的感覺。^3-7
然而，這只是輔助性選項，無法取代眼科醫師所給予的乾眼症治療。

「魚油」未必有益於乾眼症

「魚油」與 Omega-3 補給品很常被誤會是同一種東西。事實上，許多「魚油」產品僅含有少量的 EPA 與 DHA。^8-14
在針對乾眼症服用 Omega-3 補給品之前，請先諮循您的醫師，確認其功效，並記得選擇經認證的商品，而非來源不明的「魚油」產品。

參考資料

Marian S. Macsai. The Role of Omega-3 Dietary Supplementation in Blepharitis and Meibomian Gland Dysfunction (An AOS Thesis). Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc. 2008 Dec; 106: 336–356. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2646454/
J. Qiao, X. Yan. Emerging treatment options for meibomian gland dysfunction. Clin Ophthalmol. 2013;7:1797-803. doi: 10.2147/OPTH.S33182. Epub 2013 Sep 9. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24043929
Bhargava R, et al. A randomized controlled trial of omega-3 fatty acids in dry eye syndrome. Int J Ophthalmol. 2013 Dec 18;6(6):811-6. doi: 10.3980/j.issn.2222-3959.2013.06.13. eCollection 2013. Link: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=24392330
Bhargava R, Kumar P. Oral omega-3 fatty acid treatment for dry eye in contact lens wearers. Cornea. 2015 Apr;34(4):413-20. doi: 10.1097/ICO.0000000000000386. Link: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=25719253
Miljanović B, et al. Relation between dietary n-3 and n-6 fatty acids and clinically diagnosed dry eye syndrome in women. Am J Clin Nutr. 2005 Oct;82(4):887-93. Link: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=16210721
Wojtowicz JC, et al. Pilot, prospective, randomized, double-masked, placebo-controlled clinical trial of an omega-3 supplement for dry eye. Cornea. 2011 Mar;30(3):308-14. doi: 10.1097/ICO.0b013e3181f22e03. Link https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=21045648
Kangari H, et al. Short-term consumption of oral omega-3 and dry eye syndrome. Ophthalmology. 2013 Nov;120(11):2191-6. doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2013.04.006. Epub 2013 May 1. Link: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=23642375
Hilleman D, Smer A. Prescription omega-3 fatty acid products and dietary supplements are not interchangeable. Manag Care. 2016;25(1):46-52. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26882630
Questions and answers on dietary supplements. FDA website. Web Updated January 13, 2016. https://www.fda.gov/food/information-consumers-using-dietary-supplements/questions-and-answers-dietary-supplements
Davidson MH. Omega-3 fatty acids: new insights into the pharmacology and biology of docosahexaenoic acid, docosapentaenoic acid, and eicosapentaenoic acid. Curr Opin Lipidol. 2013;24(6):467-474. doi: 10.1097/MOL.0000000000000019. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24184945
Zargar A, Ito MK. Long chain omega-3 dietary supplements: a review of the National Library of Medicine Herbal Supplement Database. Metab Syndr Relat Disord. 2011;9(4):255-271. doi: 10.1089/met.2011.0004. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21787228
Suvarna P. Phadatare, et al. A Comprehensive Review on Dry Eye Disease: Diagnosis, Medical Management, Recent Developments, and Future Challenges. Advances in Pharmaceutics. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/704946
Omega-3 Fatty Acids. NIH Office of Dietary Supplemen:ts. https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Omega3FattyAcids-HealthProfessional/ Updated: July 9, 2019. Last accessed: August 25, 2019.
Kris-Etherton PM, Taylor DS, Yu-Poth S, et al. Polyunsaturated fatty acids in the food chain in the United States. Am J Clin Nutr 2000;71:179S-88S. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10617969